RPO may refer to:

In society:

• Railway post office, a mobile post office set up in a railway car
• Representation of People Ordinance, a set of Bangladeshi laws related to the formation of political parties
• Retail Post Outlet, a Canadian postal abbreviation
• Revenue Protection Officer, a UK railway employee who issues penalty fares
• Rural Planning Organization, U.S. state based, regional-level partnerships that facilitate transportation planning for state's rural areas

In academia:

• Recursive path ordering, a well-ordering in term rewriting (computer science)
• Research Performing Organisations, a term used in European science policy
• Revilo Pendleton Oliver, an American professor of philology

In business:

• Recovery point objective, in business-continuity planning for computing
• Recruitment Process Outsourcing, a form of business-process outsourcing
• Regular Production Option, a General Motors standard coding system

In the armed forces:

• Regulating Petty Officer, a rate (rank) in the Royal Navy Police
• RPO-A Shmel (Bumblebee), a grenade launcher produced by Russia

In fiction:

• Ready Player One, a science-fiction dystopian novel by Ernest Cline
  • Ready Player One (film), its film adaptation by Steven Spielberg.

In music:

• Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, an orchestra in New York State
• Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, an orchestra in London, England

In entertainment:

• Rolie Polie Olie, a Canadian children's show on CBC Television (1998–2004)

In sport:

• Runs per over or run rate, a measure in the game of cricket
• Run-pass option, an offensive scheme in American football